Through Hull Fittings.

Every through hull fitting in the bottom of your boat is a potential leak waiting to happen.

They should be checked regularly and re-seated or replaced if there is any doubt as to their integrity.

Checking. Re-seating. Replacement. A New Hole? Electrolysis. Emergencies.

Just imagine what would happen if your engine intake fitting were to break off.

That 50mm / 2inch hole below the water line would allow water to come squirting in at much faster rate than your bilge pumps are likely to be able to cope with.

Admittedly that sort of emergency is rare, more boats sink because they have been left unattended with a slow leak.

While you are on board there is the possibility of taking emergency measures to stop the leak but what can you do if arrive at the marina to find taught dock-lines disappearing down into the water.

Checking.

The best way to ensure the integrity of under water, through hull fittings is not to have any or at least keep them to a minimum.

The only through hull fittings left on Mignonne are the depth sounder’s transducer, the engine cooling intake and of course the propeller shaft, I’d love to get rid of them as well but they sure do come in handy at times.

However, those that you do have should be inspected on a regular basis.

It is particularly important to check the filter in the engine intake fitting, any blockage here will result in an overheating engine and damage to or even lack of a filter could result in debris blocking the cooling channels within the engine itself.

Check and grease the shut-off valve and inspect the hoses for cracks and leaks.

If your boat is out of the water, on the hard you can still check the valves for leaks.

Disconnect the hose and attach a length of spare hose, tie it vertically then fill the open end with water go outside and check to see if any is leaking out when the valve is closed and that it is flowing when the valve is open. Or connect the hose to the mains to get some pressure behind it.

And check that the hose clips are non-corrosive and in good order, these should be doubled up.

Any through hull fittings which are hard to get at are the ones less likely to have been maintained make a special point of checking these regularly.

On wooden boats pay particular attention to the wood surrounding metal fittings, galvanic corrosion and electrolysis can play havoc with the wood as well as the metal.

Tapping the wood around the through hull fitting will usually be enough to discover if you have a problem.

Check the speedometer and depth sounder sensors, these are usually plastic fittings which, if not protected can easily be accidentally broken.

And don’t forget to keep an eye on the stuffing boxes for the propeller shaft.

Packing glands need to be either tightened or the stuffing replaced and the rubber boots on stern drives checked to keep the water from entering the hull.

And don’t forget the cockpits drains.

Keep your cockpit clear of any debris which might block the drain, especially if you are leaving her in the water.

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Reseating.

If the seacocks them selves are in reasonable condition but they need re-seating your first problem is going to be removing them.

The first thing obviously is to remove the fixing bolts.

However, some fittings may prove difficult to move, especially those which were originally sealed with a polyurethane sealant.

Avoid hammering on the fitting as this could easily cause damage to the fitting and the surrounding wood, besides there might be enough room behind to get at it.

The best way, is to rig up a puller using a length of threaded studding or a bolt which will go through the fitting.

With blocks of wood off-cuts, nuts and washers on either end of the studding and some blocks of wood on the outside to hold it clear of the hull, tightening the nut should easily pull the fitting out of the hull.

With the fitting removed, clean off any old sealant or caulking from the fitting and the hole in the hull.

buy 0n-linePay particular attention to the backing pad, if there is any sign of rot replace it, the pad must be shaped to fit the inside curvature of the hull.

Prime the wood with paint before re-seating and allow it to dry.

Bed everything, including the backing pad with sealant and lightly coat the threads of the fixing bolts.

Tighten the assembly until it seats snugly and the caulking compound or sealant squeezes out around its full perimeter.

If using a polyurethane or polysulfide sealant don’t initially tighten the nuts very tight.

Allow the sealant to set before the final tightening but be careful when tightening bronze bolts as they can stretch if you over do it.

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Replacement.

Replacing a damaged through hull fitting is similar to re-seating, providing the replacement is the same type and size as the old one.

Click for More InfoAn even better option if you can manage it is to do away with the fitting and replace the it with a bung backed with a through bolted backing plate.

The top of the list of items to jettison should be that old sea toilet.

They can no longer be used legally in many areas and often imposable to use underway in any kind of sea anyway. Best to replace it with a 'Porta Potti' or something similar.

The most common type of replacement through hull fitting has a ‘mushroom’ outer flange this requires no special tools for installation.

The flush mounted variety however require a special counter sink tool to bevel the outer edge of the hole for a flush fit, so are best avoided.

Others rely on a flange nut rather than through bolts for fixing, these are best left for the above the waterline fittings.

It is never a good idea to have a mix of metals on any hull below the water line and on a wooden boat in particular it is best to stick to silicon bronze.

Click for More InfoThere are through hull fittings available in ‘Marelon’ which is fiberglass reinforced nylon.

At first glance these seem to be the wooden boat owner’s answer to corrosion problems.

However, I have had no dealings with this material but I have heard reports which cast doubt on their strength.

Whatever you use, don't forget to secure the hoses with dual clamps.

And use reinforced, good quality hose that wont kink.

For underwater fittings, the safest type are the ones with shut off valves, then if a hose comes off or is breached the water can be shut off. 

When you position the seacock make sure you can easily reach the handle and can turn it without scraping you knuckles.




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A New Hole?

If you are contemplating adding a through hull fitting you need to plan its position.

So before you start to drill that hole consider;

• Will it be readily accessible from inside.

• Will there be ample room to turn the valve handle.

• Will the new fitting set up any turbulence in front of your depth sounder or speed log impeller.

• Will the hose run from the fitting be a short and straight as possible.

• On the other hand, will that stiff hose be long enough to allow it to be bent for easy fitting and replacement.

Once you have chosen the position drill a pilot hole from the inside so you can be sure that it is centered on a plank and between frames.

Then using a hole-saw to suit the size of the fitting cut the required hole from the outside of the hull.

Using the hole-saw from the outside will give more room to control it and a crisper edge to the outside of the hole.

Once you are sure the hole is the correct size clean it up with sand paper and prime it with paint or varnish.

Use the same sized hole-saw to cut the aperture in a piece of hardwood for a backing plate.

The backing plate wants to be 2 or 3 inches larger than the flange of the seacock and shaped to match the inside curvature of the hull.

The backing plate is to reinforce the hull around the hole and to provide a flat surface for the seacock flange to bed onto.

The backing plate will also want to be primed to prevent rot.

If it is possible to plan for the hole to coincide with a butt block joint between planks, the valve flanges and securing bolts will add to the strength of butt and the butt will do away with the need for a backing plate.

However, the need for a new hole in the hull might possibly be avoided by fitting a tee-connector to an existing inlet or discharge line.

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Electrolysis.

While on the subject of through hull fittings it is worth taking a moment to reflect on the process of electrolysis and how it might affect your boat.

Where there are dissimilar metals on the boat hull below the water line electric current will be created.

The less ‘noble’ of the metals on your boat (the zinc anodes) will be eaten away by galvanic corrosion first as these get smaller their voltage potential is reduced to the point where they fail to protect the other metals on the boat.

However, too many zincs on a wooden boat can be counterproductive it will help save the metal, but it can raise the risk of Hydroxly ion attack on the wood.

As Bronze is one of the more noble metals it is considered reasonable not to bond bronze through hull fittings to the galvanic corrosion system.

Other precautions we can take are reducing our reliance on all those bit of electrical gadgetry.

And not leaving our boats tied into a shore-power system which could prove to be leaky.

However, that won’t protect us from voltage leaking from other boats tied up nearby.

So don’t forget the Anodes but don’t over do them.

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Emergencies.

Regular inspection and maintenance of through hull fittings should reduce the likely hood of an emergency situation.

However, every good mariner should be prepared for the worst case scenario.

Among the items in your damage control kit there should be;

• Some tapered wooden plugs sized to fit the through hull fittings on your boat.

• An assortment of tapes such as the ubiquitous duct tape.

• Spare hose clamps these can also be used to hold patches in place.

• Nylon cable ties are useful for quick temporary fixings.

• Even some bailing or nylon twine can be handy to hold a patch securely in place.

• A small flashlight

• A good variety of hand tools.

And of course, should a through hull fitting leak that float switch and a well charged battery will help to protect your boat when you are not on board.